Parameter values: Sort by alphabetical glider order
ID | 574 | HD_C | 9.8500004e-06 | C_ROLL_DIVE | 1812 | ALTIM_BOTTOM_TURN_MARGIN | 10 |
MISSION | 3 | HEADING | 30 | C_ROLL_CLIMB | 1800 | ALTIM_TOP_TURN_MARGIN | 0 |
DIVE | 455 | ESCAPE_HEADING | 0 | HEAD_ERRBAND | 10 | ALTIM_TOP_MIN_OBSTACLE | 1 |
N_DIVES | 0 | ESCAPE_HEADING_DELTA | 10 | ROLL_CNV | 0.028270001 | ALTIM_PING_DEPTH | 50 |
STOP_T | 0 | FIX_MISSING_TIMEOUT | 0 | ROLL_TIMEOUT | 15 | ALTIM_PING_DELTA | 5 |
D_SURF | 3 | TGT_DEFAULT_LAT | 4743.3999 | R_PORT_OVSHOOT | 29 | ALTIM_FREQUENCY | 13 |
D_FLARE | 3 | TGT_DEFAULT_LON | -12224.2 | R_STBD_OVSHOOT | 36 | ALTIM_PULSE | 3 |
D_TGT | 1000 | TGT_AUTO_DEFAULT | 0 | ROLL_AD_RATE | 350 | ALTIM_SENSITIVITY | 2 |
D_ABORT | 1020 | SM_CC | 515.36688 | ROLL_MAXERRORS | 1 | XPDR_VALID | 2 |
D_NO_BLEED | 29 | N_FILEKB | 4 | ROLL_ADJ_GAIN | 0 | XPDR_INHIBIT | 90 |
D_BOOST | 0 | FILEMGR | 0 | ROLL_ADJ_DBAND | 0 | INT_PRESSURE_SLOPE | 0.0097655999 |
T_BOOST | 0 | CALL_NDIVES | 1 | VBD_MIN | 600 | INT_PRESSURE_YINT | 3.1600001 |
D_FINISH | 5 | COMM_SEQ | 0 | VBD_MAX | 3960 | DEEPGLIDER | 0 |
D_PITCH | 0 | PROTOCOL | 9 | C_VBD | 2701 | MOTHERBOARD | 4 |
D_SAFE | 0 | N_NOCOMM | 2 | VBD_DBAND | 2 | DEVICE1 | -1 |
D_CALL | 0 | NOCOMM_ACTION | 259 | VBD_CNV | -0.245296 | DEVICE2 | -1 |
SURFACE_URGENCY | 0 | N_NOSURFACE | 2 | VBD_LP_IGNORE | 0 | DEVICE3 | -1 |
SURFACE_URGENCY_TRY | 0 | UPLOAD_DIVES_MAX | -1 | VBD_TIMEOUT | 720 | DEVICE4 | -1 |
SURFACE_URGENCY_FORCE | 0 | CALL_TRIES | 5 | PITCH_VBD_SHIFT | 0.0012300001 | DEVICE5 | -1 |
T_DIVE | 333 | CALL_WAIT | 60 | VBD_PUMP_AD_RATE_SURFACE | 5 | DEVICE6 | -1 |
T_MISSION | 343 | CAPUPLOAD | 0 | VBD_PUMP_AD_RATE_APOGEE | 4 | LOGGERS | 1 |
T_ABORT | 358 | CAPMAXSIZE | 400000 | VBD_BLEED_AD_RATE | 8 | LOGGERDEVICE1 | 53 |
T_TURN | 500 | HEAPDBG | 0 | UNCOM_BLEED | 60 | LOGGERDEVICE2 | -1 |
T_TURN_SAMPINT | 5 | T_GPS | 15 | VBD_MAXERRORS | 1 | LOGGERDEVICE3 | -1 |
T_NO_W | 120 | N_GPS | 100840 | W_ADJ_DBAND | 0 | LOGGERDEVICE4 | -1 |
T_LOITER | 0 | T_RSLEEP | 2 | DBDW | 0 | COMPASS_DEVICE | 17 |
T_EPIRB | 0 | STROBE | 0 | PITCH_W_GAIN | 0 | COMPASS2_DEVICE | -1 |
USE_BATHY | 0 | RAFOS_PEAK_OFFSET | 1.5 | PITCH_W_DBAND | 0 | PHONE_DEVICE | 49 |
USE_ICE | 0 | RAFOS_CORR_THRESH | 60 | CF8_MAXERRORS | 20 | GPS_DEVICE | 32 |
ICE_FREEZE_MARGIN | 0.30000001 | RAFOS_HIT_WINDOW | 3600 | AH0_24V | 310 | RAFOS_DEVICE | -1 |
D_OFFGRID | 100 | PITCH_MIN | 117 | AH0_10V | 0 | XPDR_DEVICE | 24 |
T_WATCHDOG | 10 | PITCH_MAX | 3869 | MINV_24V | 11.5 | SIM_W | 0 |
RELAUNCH | 0 | C_PITCH | 2759 | MINV_10V | 10 | SIM_PITCH | 0 |
APOGEE_PITCH | -5 | PITCH_DBAND | 0.0099999998 | MAXI_24V | 3 | SEABIRD_T_G | 0.0042907312 |
MAX_BUOY | 280 | PITCH_CNV | 0.003125763 | MAXI_10V | 2 | SEABIRD_T_H | 0.00061813911 |
COURSE_BIAS | 0 | P_OVSHOOT | 0.039999999 | FG_AHR_10V | 0 | SEABIRD_T_I | 2.1013675e-05 |
GLIDE_SLOPE | 30 | P_OVSHOOT_WITHG | 0.079999998 | FG_AHR_24V | 0 | SEABIRD_T_J | 2.0586713e-06 |
SPEED_FACTOR | 1 | PITCH_GAIN | 30 | PHONE_SUPPLY | 2 | SEABIRD_C_G | -9.7689371 |
RHO | 1.0275 | PITCH_TIMEOUT | 25 | PRESSURE_YINT | -148.54955 | SEABIRD_C_H | 1.1415389 |
MASS | 53998 | PITCH_AD_RATE | 125 | PRESSURE_SLOPE | 0.0001058 | SEABIRD_C_I | -0.0022330475 |
MASS_COMP | 0 | PITCH_MAXERRORS | 1 | AD7714Ch0Gain | 1 | SEABIRD_C_J | 0.00024789109 |
NAV_MODE | 0 | PITCH_ADJ_GAIN | 0 | TCM_PITCH_OFFSET | 0 | SC_RECORDABOVE | 2000.0 |
FERRY_MAX | 45 | PITCH_ADJ_DBAND | 0 | TCM_ROLL_OFFSET | 0 | SC_PROFILE | 3.0 |
KALMAN_USE | 2 | ROLL_MIN | 301 | COMPASS_USE | 0 | SC_XMITPROFILE | 3.0 |
HD_A | 0.0038360001 | ROLL_MAX | 3936 | ALTIM_BOTTOM_PING_RANGE | 0 | ||
HD_B | 0.0101 | ROLL_DEG | 40 | ALTIM_TOP_PING_RANGE | 0 |
Pre-dive calculations and measurements:
GPS1 |   200419,053507,-3430.0852,2517.6799,7,0.9,21,-27.9,0.6,302.6,8,8.4 | TGT_NAME |   HEADING |
_CALLS |   1 | TGT_LATLONG |   -3420.733,2524.220 |
_XMS_NAKs |   0 | TGT_RADIUS |   1852.000 |
_XMS_TOUTs |   0 | KALMAN_CONTROL |   0.000000,0.000000 |
_SM_DEPTHo |   6.53 | KALMAN_X |   0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000 |
_SM_ANGLEo |   -1.8 | KALMAN_Y |   0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000 |
GPS2 |   200419,053507,-3430.0852,2517.6799,7,0.9,21,-27.9,0.6,302.6,8,8.4 | MHEAD_RNG_PITCHd_Wd |   57.9,20000,-13.1,-10.010,-16.32,4154 |
SPEED_LIMITS |   0.173,0.342 | D_GRID |   1000 |
Post-dive calculations and measurements:
FINISH |   0.6,1.025226 | _24V_AH |   13.48,141.707 |
SM_CCo |   2421,118.22,0.800,0,0,599,515.37 | _10V_AH |   13.49,0.000 |
SM_GC |   0.91,13.68,0.00,118.22,0.044,0.000,0.800,122,1799,599,-8.17,-0.37,515.37,0,0,0,0,0,0,14.85,15.05,14.13 | FG_AHR_24Vo |   0.000 |
IRIDIUM_FIX |   -3417.32,2515.55,200419,033925 | FG_AHR_10Vo |   0.000 |
TT8_MAMPS |   0.021721,0.911533 | MEM |   341056 |
HUMID |   45.23 | DATA_FILE_SIZE |   10081,427 |
INTERNAL_PRESSURE |   9.30256 | CAP_FILE_SIZE |   77229,0 |
TCM_TEMP |   19.10 | CFSIZE |   2097086464,2006745088 |
XPDR_PINGS |   0 | ERRORS |   0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 |
ALTIM_BOTTOM_PING |   105.9,31.4 | GPS |   200419,070331,-3429.760,2518.663,8,1.0,33,-27.9,0.5,253.9,8,6.1 |
SC_FREEKB |   3682752 |
Energy measurements:
device | secs | mA | J | sensor | secs | mA | J |
Pitch_motor | 17 | 147 | 34.88 | nil | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
Roll_motor | 50 | 73 | 49.70 | nil | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
VBD_pump_during_apogee | 466 | 1103 | 6939.92 | nil | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
VBD_pump_during_surface | 118 | 800 | 1275.24 | nil | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
VBD_valve | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | nil | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
Iridium_during_init | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | nil | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
Iridium_during_connect | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | SciCon | 2453 | 36 | 1193.20 |
Iridium_during_xfer | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | nil | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
Transponder_ping | 3 | 420 | 19.82 | nil | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
GUMSTIX_24V | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | ||||
GPS | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | ||||
TT8 | 832 | 9 | 107.90 | ||||
LPSleep | 361 | 2 | 10.67 | ||||
TT8_Active | 610 | 9 | 79.14 | ||||
TT8_Sampling | 746 | 28 | 285.33 | ||||
TT8_CF8 | 138 | 36 | 68.35 | ||||
TT8_Kalman | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | ||||
Analog_circuits | 1061 | 12 | 173.44 | ||||
GPS_charging | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | ||||
Compass | 644 | 17 | 156.25 | ||||
RAFOS | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | ||||
Transponder | 25 | 30 | 10.16 | ||||
Guidance and control:
st_secs | pitch_ctl | vbd_ctl | pitch_ad_start | roll_ad_start | vbd_pot1_ad_start | vbd_pot2_ad_start | depth | ob_vertv | data_pts | end_secs | pitch_secs | roll_secs | vbd_secs | vbd_i | gcphase | pitch_i | roll_i | pitch_ad | roll_ad | vbd_ad | vbd_pot1_ad | vbd_pot2_ad | pitch_retries | pitch_errors | roll_retries | roll_errors | vbd_retries | vbd_errors | pitch_volts | roll_volts | vbd_volts |
21 | end surface: CONTROL_FINISHED_OK | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
state | 21 | begin dive | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
24 | -0.77 | -272.5 | 2811 | 1823 | 2258 | 2162 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 31 | 0.00 | 0.00 | -5.72 | 0.000 | 16386 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 2811 | 1822 | 2445 | 2491 | 2400 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15.05 | 28.83 | 15.06 |
34 | -0.77 | -272.5 | 2811 | 1826 | 2492 | 2400 | 7.6 | 0.0 | 1 | 75 | 1.38 | 2.40 | -29.98 | 0.000 | 20740 | 0.076 | 0.073 | 2502 | 3221 | 3814 | 3832 | 3797 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14.80 | 13.48 | 14.85 |
169 | -0.77 | -272.5 | 2501 | 3221 | 3832 | 3797 | 23.5 | -11.4 | 26 | 176 | 0.00 | 2.38 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 3078 | 0.000 | 0.042 | 2501 | 1800 | 3814 | 3832 | 3797 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14.96 | 14.85 | 14.97 |
240 | -0.77 | -272.5 | 2502 | 1800 | 3832 | 3797 | 33.9 | -17.0 | 39 | 246 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 2054 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 2502 | 1799 | 3814 | 3832 | 3797 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15.09 | 15.09 | 15.09 |
309 | -0.77 | -272.5 | 2501 | 1799 | 3832 | 3797 | 46.0 | -16.3 | 52 | 315 | 0.00 | 2.42 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 2308 | 0.000 | 0.054 | 2502 | 3222 | 3814 | 3832 | 3797 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15.09 | 14.85 | 15.09 |
350 | -0.77 | -272.5 | 2501 | 3222 | 3832 | 3797 | 51.5 | -11.5 | 59 | 356 | 0.00 | 2.38 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 3078 | 0.000 | 0.043 | 2502 | 1804 | 3814 | 3832 | 3797 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14.86 | 14.77 | 14.87 |
424 | -0.77 | -272.5 | 2501 | 1804 | 3832 | 3797 | 60.5 | -12.7 | 72 | 431 | 0.00 | 2.40 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 2564 | 0.000 | 0.063 | 2502 | 403 | 3814 | 3832 | 3797 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15.10 | 14.74 | 15.11 |
461 | -0.77 | -272.5 | 2501 | 403 | 3832 | 3797 | 65.5 | -11.7 | 78 | 468 | 0.00 | 2.35 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 3078 | 0.000 | 0.034 | 2498 | 1829 | 3814 | 3832 | 3797 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14.93 | 14.84 | 14.93 |
533 | -0.77 | -272.5 | 2502 | 1831 | 3832 | 3797 | 73.9 | -12.9 | 91 | 542 | 0.00 | 2.33 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 2308 | 0.000 | 0.054 | 2502 | 3207 | 3814 | 3832 | 3797 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15.09 | 14.85 | 15.09 |
587 | -0.77 | -272.5 | 2501 | 3208 | 3833 | 3797 | 80.0 | -10.7 | 100 | 593 | 0.00 | 2.35 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 3078 | 0.000 | 0.041 | 2503 | 1805 | 3815 | 3833 | 3797 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14.96 | 14.83 | 14.97 |
658 | -0.77 | -272.5 | 2502 | 1805 | 3831 | 3797 | 88.6 | -13.0 | 113 | 664 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 2054 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 2502 | 1805 | 3815 | 3833 | 3797 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15.09 | 15.09 | 15.09 |
727 | -0.77 | -272.5 | 2501 | 1804 | 3833 | 3797 | 97.0 | -11.6 | 126 | 733 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 2054 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 2502 | 1804 | 3815 | 3833 | 3797 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15.10 | 15.11 | 15.11 |
797 | -0.77 | -272.5 | 2502 | 1803 | 3833 | 3797 | 105.0 | -11.1 | 139 | 808 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 2054 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 2502 | 1804 | 3815 | 3833 | 3797 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15.10 | 15.11 | 15.11 |
873 | -0.77 | -272.5 | 2502 | 1805 | 3833 | 3797 | 113.1 | -11.4 | 152 | 879 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 2054 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 2502 | 1805 | 3815 | 3834 | 3797 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15.09 | 15.09 | 15.09 |
941 | -0.77 | -272.5 | 2501 | 1804 | 3833 | 3797 | 121.3 | -11.9 | 165 | 947 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 2054 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 2501 | 1805 | 3815 | 3833 | 3797 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15.11 | 15.11 | 15.11 |
998 | end dive: BOTTOM_OBSTACLE_DETECTED | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
state | 998 | begin apogee | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1004 | -0.17 | 0.0 | 2502 | 1804 | 3833 | 3797 | 127.7 | -11.4 | 176 | 1215 | 0.98 | 0.00 | 200.68 | 1.103 | 10246 | 0.134 | 0.000 | 2698 | 1804 | 2699 | 2734 | 2664 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14.72 | 14.38 | 13.89 |
1216 | end apogee: CONTROL_FINISHED_OK | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
state | 1217 | begin climb | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1219 | 0.77 | 272.5 | 2698 | 1804 | 2733 | 2663 | 137.2 | 0.0 | 214 | 1444 | 1.40 | 2.55 | 209.35 | 1.087 | 10756 | 0.091 | 0.070 | 2991 | 395 | 1587 | 1630 | 1545 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14.38 | 14.32 | 13.87 |
1477 | 0.77 | 272.5 | 2991 | 395 | 1628 | 1545 | 126.6 | 14.2 | 259 | 1484 | 0.00 | 2.38 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 3078 | 0.000 | 0.031 | 2991 | 1809 | 1586 | 1628 | 1545 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14.60 | 14.53 | 14.61 |
1549 | 0.77 | 272.5 | 2991 | 1811 | 1627 | 1543 | 116.3 | 15.9 | 272 | 1555 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 2054 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 2991 | 1812 | 1585 | 1628 | 1542 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14.83 | 14.83 | 14.83 |
1618 | 0.77 | 272.5 | 2991 | 1811 | 1627 | 1542 | 106.3 | 14.4 | 285 | 1624 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 2054 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 2991 | 1812 | 1584 | 1627 | 1541 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14.91 | 14.91 | 14.91 |
1687 | 0.77 | 272.5 | 2991 | 1812 | 1621 | 1541 | 96.4 | 14.4 | 298 | 1693 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 2054 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 2991 | 1812 | 1584 | 1626 | 1542 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14.97 | 14.97 | 14.97 |
1755 | 0.77 | 272.5 | 2991 | 1812 | 1625 | 1541 | 86.0 | 15.4 | 311 | 1762 | 0.00 | 2.50 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 2564 | 0.000 | 0.072 | 2992 | 395 | 1582 | 1623 | 1541 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15.00 | 14.71 | 15.00 |
1785 | 0.77 | 272.5 | 2991 | 395 | 1624 | 1541 | 81.8 | 14.5 | 316 | 1792 | 0.00 | 2.33 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 3078 | 0.000 | 0.032 | 2992 | 1805 | 1582 | 1624 | 1540 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14.84 | 14.74 | 14.85 |
1857 | 0.77 | 272.5 | 2999 | 1805 | 1624 | 1540 | 72.6 | 12.8 | 329 | 1863 | 0.00 | 2.35 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 2308 | 0.000 | 0.047 | 2992 | 3204 | 1583 | 1626 | 1541 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15.02 | 14.81 | 15.03 |
1901 | 0.77 | 272.5 | 2991 | 3203 | 1622 | 1539 | 66.2 | 13.2 | 337 | 1908 | 0.00 | 2.40 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 3078 | 0.000 | 0.051 | 2992 | 1798 | 1581 | 1622 | 1540 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14.88 | 14.77 | 14.89 |
1972 | 0.77 | 272.5 | 2991 | 1798 | 1622 | 1540 | 58.2 | 10.4 | 350 | 1978 | 0.00 | 2.45 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 2564 | 0.000 | 0.070 | 2992 | 391 | 1581 | 1622 | 1540 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15.05 | 14.79 | 15.06 |
2044 | 0.86 | 341.3 | 2992 | 390 | 1622 | 1540 | 51.7 | 8.3 | 363 | 2111 | 0.10 | 2.33 | 56.67 | 1.043 | 11270 | 0.148 | 0.032 | 3037 | 1807 | 1305 | 1358 | 1253 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14.84 | 14.87 | 14.11 |
2176 | 0.86 | 341.3 | 3036 | 1807 | 1357 | 1250 | 32.0 | 15.8 | 387 | 2183 | 0.00 | 2.35 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 4356 | 0.000 | 0.047 | 3037 | 3194 | 1303 | 1357 | 1250 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14.90 | 14.65 | 14.90 |
2211 | 0.86 | 341.3 | 3035 | 3194 | 1356 | 1249 | 26.6 | 15.1 | 393 | 2218 | 0.00 | 2.40 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 5126 | 0.000 | 0.050 | 3038 | 1793 | 1302 | 1356 | 1248 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14.78 | 14.68 | 14.78 |
2282 | 0.86 | 341.3 | 3037 | 1793 | 1356 | 1248 | 16.4 | 14.5 | 406 | 2289 | 0.00 | 2.45 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 4612 | 0.000 | 0.073 | 3039 | 394 | 1302 | 1356 | 1248 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14.97 | 14.72 | 14.97 |
2307 | 0.86 | 341.3 | 3040 | 394 | 1356 | 1248 | 12.4 | 15.8 | 410 | 2314 | 0.00 | 2.33 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 5126 | 0.000 | 0.034 | 3040 | 1796 | 1302 | 1356 | 1248 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14.88 | 14.79 | 14.89 |
2376 | end climb: SURFACE_DEPTH_REACHED | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
state | 2376 | begin surface coast | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2397 | end surface coast: CONTROL_FINISHED_OK | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
state | 2397 | begin surface |