Parameter values: Sort by alphabetical glider order
ID | 187 | HEADING | -1 | ROLL_MIN | 236 | ALTIM_BOTTOM_TURN_MARGIN | 0 |
MISSION | 2 | ESCAPE_HEADING | 0 | ROLL_MAX | 3800 | ALTIM_TOP_TURN_MARGIN | 0 |
DIVE | 251 | ESCAPE_HEADING_DELTA | 10 | ROLL_DEG | 35 | ALTIM_TOP_MIN_OBSTACLE | 1 |
D_SURF | 3 | FIX_MISSING_TIMEOUT | 0 | C_ROLL_DIVE | 2075 | ALTIM_PING_DEPTH | 0 |
D_FLARE | 3 | TGT_DEFAULT_LAT | 4736 | C_ROLL_CLIMB | 2000 | ALTIM_PING_DELTA | 10 |
D_TGT | 990 | TGT_DEFAULT_LON | -12218 | HEAD_ERRBAND | 10 | ALTIM_FREQUENCY | 13 |
D_ABORT | 1070 | TGT_AUTO_DEFAULT | 0 | ROLL_CNV | 0.028270001 | ALTIM_PULSE | 3 |
D_NO_BLEED | 200 | SM_CC | 350 | ROLL_TIMEOUT | 15 | ALTIM_SENSITIVITY | 3 |
D_BOOST | 4 | N_FILEKB | 4 | R_PORT_OVSHOOT | 34 | XPDR_VALID | 1 |
D_FINISH | 5 | FILEMGR | 0 | R_STBD_OVSHOOT | 24 | XPDR_INHIBIT | 90 |
D_PITCH | 0 | CALL_NDIVES | 1 | ROLL_AD_RATE | 350 | INT_PRESSURE_SLOPE | 0.0097660003 |
D_SAFE | 0 | COMM_SEQ | 0 | ROLL_MAXERRORS | 1 | INT_PRESSURE_YINT | 0.69999999 |
D_CALL | 0 | KERMIT | 0 | ROLL_ADJ_GAIN | 2 | DEEPGLIDER | 0 |
SURFACE_URGENCY | 0 | N_NOCOMM | 1 | ROLL_ADJ_DBAND | 0.029999999 | DEEPGLIDERMB | 0 |
SURFACE_URGENCY_TRY | 0 | N_NOSURFACE | 0 | VBD_MIN | 470 | MOTHERBOARD | 4 |
SURFACE_URGENCY_FORCE | 0 | UPLOAD_DIVES_MAX | -1 | VBD_MAX | 3960 | DEVICE1 | 2 |
T_DIVE | 540 | CALL_TRIES | 5 | C_VBD | 3150 | DEVICE2 | 20 |
T_MISSION | 600 | CALL_WAIT | 60 | VBD_DBAND | 2 | DEVICE3 | 83 |
T_ABORT | 1440 | CAPUPLOAD | 0 | VBD_CNV | -0.24529999 | DEVICE4 | -1 |
T_TURN | 225 | CAPMAXSIZE | 100000 | VBD_TIMEOUT | 720 | DEVICE5 | -1 |
T_TURN_SAMPINT | 5 | HEAPDBG | 0 | PITCH_VBD_SHIFT | 0.00060000003 | DEVICE6 | -1 |
T_NO_W | 300 | T_GPS | 15 | VBD_PUMP_AD_RATE_SURFACE | 6 | LOGGERS | 0 |
T_LOITER | 0 | N_GPS | 20 | VBD_PUMP_AD_RATE_APOGEE | 4 | LOGGERDEVICE1 | -1 |
USE_BATHY | -1 | T_GPS_ALMANAC | 0 | VBD_BLEED_AD_RATE | 8 | LOGGERDEVICE2 | -1 |
USE_ICE | 0 | T_GPS_CHARGE | -28638.018 | UNCOM_BLEED | 50 | COMPASS_DEVICE | 33 |
ICE_FREEZE_MARGIN | 0.30000001 | T_RSLEEP | 3 | VBD_MAXERRORS | 1 | COMPASS2_DEVICE | -1 |
D_OFFGRID | 1000 | STROBE | 0 | CF8_MAXERRORS | 20 | PHONE_DEVICE | 48 |
T_WATCHDOG | 10 | RAFOS_PEAK_OFFSET | 1.5 | AH0_24V | 150 | GPS_DEVICE | 32 |
RELAUNCH | -7 | RAFOS_CORR_THRESH | 60 | AH0_10V | 100 | RAFOS_DEVICE | -1 |
APOGEE_PITCH | -5 | RAFOS_HIT_WINDOW | 3600 | MINV_24V | 19 | XPDR_DEVICE | 24 |
MAX_BUOY | 115 | PITCH_MIN | 155 | MINV_10V | 8 | SIM_W | 0 |
COURSE_BIAS | 0 | PITCH_MAX | 3970 | FG_AHR_10V | 0 | SIM_PITCH | 0 |
GLIDE_SLOPE | 30 | C_PITCH | 2835 | FG_AHR_24V | 0 | SEABIRD_T_G | 0.0043543768 |
SPEED_FACTOR | 1 | PITCH_DBAND | 0.1 | PHONE_SUPPLY | 2 | SEABIRD_T_H | 0.0006249955 |
RHO | 1.023 | PITCH_CNV | 0.003125763 | PRESSURE_YINT | -61.597298 | SEABIRD_T_I | 2.3401506e-05 |
MASS | 52000 | P_OVSHOOT | 0.039999999 | PRESSURE_SLOPE | 0.0001138132 | SEABIRD_T_J | 2.4672308e-06 |
NAV_MODE | 2 | PITCH_GAIN | 36 | AD7714Ch0Gain | 128 | SEABIRD_C_G | -9.9855604 |
FERRY_MAX | 45 | PITCH_TIMEOUT | 17 | TCM_PITCH_OFFSET | 0 | SEABIRD_C_H | 1.1126566 |
KALMAN_USE | 2 | PITCH_AD_RATE | 165 | TCM_ROLL_OFFSET | 0 | SEABIRD_C_I | -0.0021479612 |
HD_A | 0.0046000001 | PITCH_MAXERRORS | 1 | COMPASS_USE | 0 | SEABIRD_C_J | 0.0002479906 |
HD_B | 0.0099999998 | PITCH_ADJ_GAIN | 0.0049999999 | ALTIM_BOTTOM_PING_RANGE | 0 | ||
HD_C | 1.34e-05 | PITCH_ADJ_DBAND | 2 | ALTIM_TOP_PING_RANGE | 0 |
Pre-dive calculations and measurements:
GPS1 |   222755,4749.680,-12511.903,71,0.9,91,18.7 | TGT_NAME |   OFFSHORE |
_CALLS |   1 | TGT_LATLONG |   4700.000,-12700.000 |
_XMS_NAKs |   0 | TGT_RADIUS |   2500.000 |
_XMS_TOUTs |   0 | KALMAN_CONTROL |   0.000,0.000 |
_SM_DEPTHo |   1.64 | KALMAN_X |   0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 |
_SM_ANGLEo |   -77.0 | KALMAN_Y |   0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 |
GPS2 |   223337,4749.629,-12511.877,11,1.2,16,18.7 | MHEAD_RNG_PITCHd_Wd |   196.3,164615,-13.9,-6.111 |
SPEED_LIMITS |   0.106,0.196 | D_GRID |   368 |
Post-dive calculations and measurements:
FINISH |   0.9,1.024009 | _10V_AH |   10.3,22.246 |
SM_CCo |   10411,0.00,0.000,0,0,1542,394.44 | FG_AHR_24Vo |   0.000 |
SM_GC |   1.56,7.80,0.00,0.00,0.043,0.000,0.000,142,2051,1542,-8.34,-0.68,394.44 | FG_AHR_10Vo |   0.000 |
IRIDIUM_FIX |   4732.49,-12500.57,051199,202050 | MEM |   298604 |
TT8_MAMPS |   0.052923 | DATA_FILE_SIZE |   66460,1203 |
HUMID |   39.84 | CAP_FILE_SIZE |   121561,0 |
INTERNAL_PRESSURE |   9.0011 | CFSIZE |   260165632,242970624 |
TCM_TEMP |   16.40 | ERRORS |   0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 |
XPDR_PINGS |   0 | CURRENT |   0.024,129.1,1 |
_24V_AH |   24.2,26.692 | GPS |   120810,012804,4748.534,-12512.949,14,4.5,34,18.7 |
Energy measurements:
device | secs | mA | J | sensor | secs | mA | J |
Pitch_motor | 19 | 249 | 117.78 | SBE_CT | 827 | 24 | 480.60 |
Roll_motor | 67 | 98 | 160.07 | SBE_O2 | 931 | 19 | 428.28 |
VBD_pump_during_apogee | 413 | 817 | 8187.14 | WL_BBFL2VMT | 1447 | 105 | 3679.17 |
VBD_pump_during_surface | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | nil | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
VBD_valve | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | nil | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
Iridium_during_init | 28 | 103 | 71.34 | nil | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
Iridium_during_connect | 34 | 160 | 131.86 | nil | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
Iridium_during_xfer | 182 | 223 | 983.75 | ||||
Transponder_ping | 0 | 420 | 0.00 | ||||
GUMSTIX_24V | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | ||||
GPS | 16 | 50 | 8.61 | ||||
TT8 | 0 | 19 | 0.00 | ||||
LPSleep | 7024 | 2 | 158.45 | ||||
TT8_Active | 451 | 19 | 92.06 | ||||
TT8_Sampling | 2835 | 39 | 1162.24 | ||||
TT8_CF8 | 423 | 45 | 199.97 | ||||
TT8_Kalman | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | ||||
Analog_circuits | 1443 | 12 | 178.38 | ||||
GPS_charging | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | ||||
Compass | 2456 | 8 | 202.38 | ||||
RAFOS | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | ||||
Transponder | 0 | 30 | 0.16 | ||||
Guidance and control:
st_secs | pitch_ctl | vbd_ctl | depth | ob_vertv | data_pts | end_secs | pitch_secs | roll_secs | vbd_secs | vbd_i | gcphase | pitch_i | roll_i | pitch_ad | roll_ad | vbd_ad | pitch_retries | pitch_errors | roll_retries | roll_errors | vbd_retries | vbd_errors |
11 | end surface: CONTROL_FINISHED_OK | |||||||||||||||||||||
state | 11 | begin dive | ||||||||||||||||||||
12 | -0.45 | -112.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 75 | 0.00 | 0.00 | -60.78 | 0.000 | 2 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 133 | 2062 | 3148 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
77 | -0.45 | -112.4 | 3.5 | -3.4 | 11 | 105 | 10.50 | 2.08 | -9.85 | 0.000 | 4 | 0.249 | 0.081 | 2674 | 3317 | 3612 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
201 | -0.43 | -112.4 | 26.1 | -14.7 | 34 | 208 | 0.00 | 1.98 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 6 | 0.000 | 0.053 | 2674 | 2078 | 3614 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
528 | -0.41 | -112.4 | 69.8 | -10.8 | 95 | 534 | 0.00 | 2.03 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 4 | 0.000 | 0.068 | 2670 | 3312 | 3616 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
555 | -0.39 | -112.4 | 72.7 | -10.7 | 100 | 561 | 0.10 | 1.95 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 6 | 0.131 | 0.052 | 2704 | 2072 | 3616 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
884 | -0.39 | -112.4 | 106.0 | -9.1 | 156 | 885 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 6 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 2704 | 2071 | 3617 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
1196 | -0.39 | -112.4 | 134.8 | -8.6 | 186 | 1199 | 0.00 | 1.98 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 4 | 0.000 | 0.069 | 2701 | 3310 | 3617 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
1253 | -0.39 | -112.4 | 139.6 | -8.2 | 191 | 1259 | 0.00 | 1.98 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 6 | 0.000 | 0.052 | 2701 | 2057 | 3617 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
1568 | -0.39 | -112.4 | 165.6 | -8.5 | 222 | 1573 | 0.00 | 2.03 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 4 | 0.000 | 0.068 | 2700 | 3313 | 3617 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
1600 | -0.39 | -112.4 | 168.2 | -8.4 | 225 | 1605 | 0.00 | 1.95 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 6 | 0.000 | 0.053 | 2700 | 2067 | 3617 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
1922 | -0.39 | -112.4 | 195.6 | -8.5 | 256 | 1925 | 0.00 | 2.00 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 4 | 0.000 | 0.070 | 2700 | 3310 | 3617 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
1947 | -0.39 | -112.4 | 197.8 | -8.2 | 258 | 1956 | 0.00 | 1.95 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 6 | 0.000 | 0.053 | 2700 | 2073 | 3617 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2264 | -0.39 | -112.4 | 223.1 | -8.4 | 289 | 2267 | 0.00 | 2.00 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 4 | 0.000 | 0.070 | 2700 | 3315 | 3617 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2305 | -0.40 | -112.4 | 226.6 | -8.6 | 293 | 2310 | 0.00 | 1.92 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 6 | 0.000 | 0.054 | 2700 | 2082 | 3617 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2626 | -0.40 | -112.4 | 250.9 | -7.0 | 324 | 2627 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 6 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 2700 | 2081 | 3618 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2937 | -0.40 | -112.4 | 271.4 | -6.9 | 354 | 2938 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 6 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 2700 | 2081 | 3618 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
3248 | -0.40 | -112.4 | 295.5 | -8.1 | 384 | 3252 | 0.00 | 1.98 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 4 | 0.000 | 0.071 | 2700 | 3313 | 3618 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
3300 | -0.42 | -112.4 | 299.7 | -7.5 | 389 | 3304 | 0.00 | 1.92 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 6 | 0.000 | 0.054 | 2700 | 2078 | 3618 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
3621 | -0.42 | -112.4 | 326.1 | -8.1 | 420 | 3625 | 0.00 | 1.98 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 4 | 0.000 | 0.069 | 2700 | 3310 | 3618 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
3647 | -0.43 | -112.4 | 328.4 | -8.3 | 422 | 3655 | 0.00 | 1.90 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 6 | 0.000 | 0.054 | 2700 | 2088 | 3618 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
3963 | -0.43 | -112.4 | 354.2 | -8.7 | 453 | 3968 | 0.00 | 1.95 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 4 | 0.000 | 0.071 | 2700 | 3306 | 3619 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
4000 | -0.44 | -112.4 | 357.2 | -8.5 | 456 | 4007 | 0.00 | 1.90 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 6 | 0.000 | 0.054 | 2700 | 2086 | 3619 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
4129 | end dive: TARGET_DEPTH_EXCEEDED | |||||||||||||||||||||
state | 4129 | begin apogee | ||||||||||||||||||||
4132 | -0.14 | 0.0 | 368.3 | 8.5 | 469 | 4225 | 0.28 | 0.00 | 90.18 | 0.818 | 6 | 0.127 | 0.000 | 2788 | 1994 | 3150 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
4225 | end apogee: CONTROL_FINISHED_OK | |||||||||||||||||||||
state | 4225 | begin climb | ||||||||||||||||||||
4227 | 0.45 | 112.4 | 372.8 | 0.0 | 478 | 4321 | 0.55 | 0.00 | 91.00 | 0.790 | 6 | 0.092 | 0.000 | 2975 | 1994 | 2691 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
4629 | 0.47 | 153.3 | 358.0 | 4.6 | 517 | 4669 | 0.00 | 2.10 | 33.53 | 0.778 | 4 | 0.000 | 0.068 | 2975 | 3233 | 2523 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
4812 | 0.45 | 153.3 | 345.9 | 6.9 | 534 | 4820 | 0.00 | 1.98 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 6 | 0.000 | 0.055 | 2981 | 2014 | 2520 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
5129 | 0.45 | 153.3 | 325.8 | 6.4 | 565 | 5132 | 0.00 | 1.98 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 4 | 0.000 | 0.065 | 2986 | 764 | 2519 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
5160 | 0.45 | 153.3 | 323.6 | 6.4 | 568 | 5163 | 0.00 | 2.00 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 6 | 0.000 | 0.060 | 2986 | 2011 | 2519 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
5480 | 0.44 | 153.3 | 301.2 | 7.3 | 599 | 5484 | 0.00 | 2.00 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 4 | 0.000 | 0.069 | 2986 | 3231 | 2519 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
5571 | 0.43 | 153.3 | 294.0 | 8.2 | 607 | 5577 | 0.00 | 1.92 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 6 | 0.000 | 0.056 | 2986 | 2018 | 2518 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
5886 | 0.42 | 153.3 | 272.9 | 6.2 | 638 | 5890 | 0.00 | 1.98 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 4 | 0.000 | 0.068 | 2986 | 3226 | 2518 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
5928 | 0.40 | 153.3 | 269.9 | 6.9 | 642 | 5933 | 0.00 | 1.90 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 6 | 0.000 | 0.057 | 2986 | 2024 | 2518 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
6250 | 0.40 | 153.3 | 249.3 | 6.3 | 673 | 6251 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 6 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 2986 | 2022 | 2518 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
6561 | 0.40 | 153.3 | 227.8 | 7.6 | 703 | 6562 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 6 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 2986 | 2022 | 2518 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
6872 | 0.39 | 153.3 | 207.0 | 6.1 | 733 | 6875 | 0.00 | 1.95 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 4 | 0.000 | 0.069 | 2986 | 3235 | 2518 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
6983 | 0.37 | 153.3 | 199.4 | 7.4 | 743 | 6989 | 0.08 | 1.90 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 6 | 0.136 | 0.056 | 2961 | 2033 | 2518 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
7298 | 0.37 | 157.1 | 182.4 | 6.0 | 774 | 7302 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.60 | 0.482 | 6 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 2961 | 2031 | 2509 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
7608 | 0.38 | 165.2 | 163.6 | 5.8 | 804 | 7620 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 8.32 | 0.650 | 6 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 2961 | 2031 | 2476 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
7930 | 0.38 | 175.7 | 145.7 | 5.7 | 835 | 7941 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 10.12 | 0.653 | 6 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 2960 | 2031 | 2433 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
8249 | 0.42 | 215.7 | 128.5 | 4.6 | 866 | 8284 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 33.03 | 0.671 | 6 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 2961 | 2031 | 2270 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
8590 | 0.45 | 237.0 | 110.9 | 5.3 | 899 | 8612 | 0.00 | 1.95 | 18.12 | 0.647 | 4 | 0.000 | 0.066 | 2961 | 3232 | 2181 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
8643 | 0.47 | 237.0 | 108.0 | 6.4 | 904 | 8647 | 0.00 | 1.90 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 6 | 0.000 | 0.056 | 2961 | 2050 | 2179 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
8964 | 0.55 | 330.7 | 95.4 | 2.7 | 947 | 9041 | 0.15 | 0.00 | 74.72 | 0.640 | 6 | 0.087 | 0.000 | 3025 | 2049 | 1801 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
9362 | 0.56 | 330.7 | 59.8 | 9.8 | 1021 | 9368 | 0.00 | 2.08 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 4 | 0.000 | 0.067 | 3026 | 766 | 1792 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
9421 | 0.59 | 330.7 | 55.5 | 6.9 | 1032 | 9426 | 0.00 | 2.05 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 6 | 0.000 | 0.059 | 3026 | 2047 | 1792 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
9747 | 0.62 | 347.9 | 35.9 | 5.5 | 1093 | 9764 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 13.73 | 0.593 | 6 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 3026 | 2047 | 1730 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
10086 | 0.66 | 369.8 | 15.9 | 5.3 | 1156 | 10108 | 0.00 | 2.05 | 18.25 | 0.589 | 4 | 0.000 | 0.065 | 3026 | 757 | 1640 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
10134 | 0.71 | 391.8 | 13.2 | 5.3 | 1165 | 10158 | 0.08 | 2.08 | 19.17 | 0.574 | 6 | 0.068 | 0.059 | 3072 | 2048 | 1551 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
10290 | end climb: SURFACE_DEPTH_REACHED | |||||||||||||||||||||
state | 10290 | begin surface coast | ||||||||||||||||||||
10338 | end surface coast: CONTROL_FINISHED_OK | |||||||||||||||||||||
state | 10338 | begin surface |